Attractions of Bolivia

La Paz is the administrative capital of Bolivia and at 3,600 metres is the highest capital city in the world. La Paz is nestled in a steep canyon on the Bolivian Altiplano, underneath the peak of Mount Illimani. La Paz was founded in the 16th century due to a nearby discovery of gold deposits and although the gold boom didn't last, its strategic location along the silver route ensured its prosperity. La Paz is characterised by spacious plazas, cobblestone streets and narrow alleyways, with its colourful markets being a major attraction. With a large indigenous population, the markets of interest include the Witches' Market selling potions and incantations made from herbs, seeds and other products, the Carnaval market selling colourful costumes and numerous shops selling ponchos, gloves and hats made from alpaca wool. Buildings of note in La Paz include the Palacio Legislatico, the San Francisco Cathedral and the Museo National del Arte.

Tiwanaku

The ruins at Tiwanaku near La Paz are Bolivia's largest archaeological site and the remains of the capital of powerful pre-Hispanic empire extending over northern Bolivia, southern Peru, northern Chile and north-western Argentina. Initially settled around 1200 BC, the empire reached its apogee between 500 and 900 AD and is distinct from other pre-Hispanic empires in the Americas. The Temple of Akapana and the Gate of the Sun are the most notable structures found at Tiwanaku.

UNESCO World Heritage Site: Tiwanaku: Spiritual and Political Centre of the Tiwanaku Culture

Potosí

The biggest silver lodes in the Americas were discovered in Cerro de Potosi, the mountain overlooking the city, in 1542 and the site soon became the world's largest industrial complex, producing more than half of the silver found in the continent. The silver production made the town one of the wealthiest in Latin America and fuelled the Spanish economy for almost 300 years. The human cost was horrific however, with an estimated 8 million people (indigenous and African slaves) dying in the mines. It's possible to visit the mines today, still used to extract tin, but it is an uncomfortable and distressing, though enlightening experience. Conditions for the miners are still difficult but are now much fairer as it is run as a co-operative. The silver wealth ensured that Potosi was one of the most beautiful colonial cities in the Americas and much of that heritage still exists today. The highest city in the world at 4,090 metres, Potosi has some grand colonial architecture and numerous ornate Baroque churches. Buildings of note include the Church of San Lorenzo, the Convent of Santa Teresa and the Casa de la Moneda, the original 18th century royal mint which is now a museum.

UNESCO World Heritage Site: City of Potosí

Historic City of Sucre

The colonial city of Sucre was founded in 1538 as La Plata and was the first capital of Bolivia. The city's name was changed to Chuquisaca in 1776 and later to Sucre in honour of the general who fought for Bolivian independence. The House of Freedom is Sucre is one of the country's most important historical monuments, where many of the keys events in the independence struggle took place. Today Sucre is the cultural and education centre of Bolivia, with a host of historic buildings and museums. Its 16th-century religious buildings include San Lázaro, San Francisco and Santo Domingo while the Cathedral contains the jewel encrusted ‘Virgen do Guadalupe’ by Bernardo Britti. The colonial ambience and student culture make Sucre a great city to explore and enjoy while the surrounding countryside is ideal for hiking, mountain biking and horse riding.

UNESCO World Heritage Site: Historic City of Sucre

The archaeological site of Samaipata was an Inca settlement occupied between the 14th and 16th centuries. The site consists of two parts - the ceremonial centre on the hill with its huge sculptured rock and many carvings, unique in the Americas, and the administrative and residential district to the south.

UNESCO World Heritage Site: Fuerte de Samaipata

Salar de Uyuni

The Salar de Uyuni, or Great Salt Desert, in south-western Bolivia is the world's largest and highest salt flats and one of Bolivia's most spectacular natural features. The salt lake covers some 12,000 km² at an altitude of 1,650 metres and the contrast between the bright blue skies and the blindingly white salt crust is spectacular. Three to four day tours of the region can be taken in 4x4s to explore the remarkable landscape and various sites of interest. In addition to taking the compulsory perspective defying photos, you can visit the village of Jirira at the foot of the Tunupa Volcano and explore the natural caves on the volcano, the volcanic Fish Island home to some enormous cacti and a salt works to learn of the extraction process. Other natural features of interest include Laguna Colorado, a bright red lake and Laguna Verde, a striking blue-green lake, which are coloured by algae and rich minerals and the geysers and thermal baths of Sol de Manana.

Amazon Rainforest (Bolivia)

The rainforest of the Amazon Basin extends over vast areas of the north-east of Bolivia. This is a region of enormous biodiversity of flora and fauna, with hundreds of species of birds and butterflies in addition to animals such as shy tapir, jaguar, howler monkey, deer and sloth. The region includes the protected areas of the Madidi National Park and the Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, the latter a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Staying in jungle lodges, you can explore the Amazon with walks through the rainforest and canoe rides along the rivers, spotting wildlife and learning about the importance and uses of the jungle plants.

UNESCO World Heritage Site: Noel Kempff Mercado National Park

Jesuit fathers arrived in the Viceroyalty of Peru in the 16th century, sent by the Spanish Crown to bring Christianity to the indigenous people. Between 1696 and 1760, they built six reducciones - San Francisco Javier, Concepción, Santa Ana, San Miguel, San Rafael and San José, settlements of Christianised Indians which were inspired by the ideal cities of 16th century philosophers. The reducciones were laid out around a large rectangular space, with houses regularly spaced along three sides and the church, workshop and schools along the fourth.

UNESCO World Heritage Site: Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos